4-1 P.110(小百科)腦神經有些非純感覺或純運動神經,有些資料不會標示屬於哪一類?
提問:4-1 P.110(小百科)腦神經有些非純感覺或純運動神經,有些資料不會標示屬於哪一類,請再確認表格中的標示。
腦神經的功能分類
神經束的功能可從大體解剖(巨觀)與組織學(微觀)兩種角度去描述,在大體解剖與生理學的角度,還是以其”主要的功能”作為分類,雖然在許多研究已逐漸發現部分運動神經中可能含有感覺神經元的纖維,但在功能分類上,仍以"主要的功能"為主,故許多資料是用"感覺性"、"運動性"來描述。此外,各腦神經的功能描述,主要是應用於醫學的診斷或是治療,不一定需要考慮一束神經中較少數的神經元類型,故從高中到大學的相關教材仍以這樣的分類與描述方式,例如以下人體生理學教科書的資料,其中部分教科書雖已將部分過去認為是運動神經腦神經歸類到混和神經(第3、4、6對腦神經),但仍標註”主要為運動性”(Sherwood, 2016),而其他的大學教科書仍是照過去高中生物教材的大致內容教授。
若再考慮學生日後可能會有考取醫護相關證照的需求,補教界的相關資料整理亦是以此方式呈現,例如:http://doctor.get.com.tw/m/Journal/detail.aspx?no=402308。為了學生日後升大學的銜接與職涯發展,故決定仍以目前的方式呈現,教師可依新的研究成果補充說明,但須注意是否與大學教材或是國家級考試的觀點互斥、矛盾。
|
Number |
Name |
Fiber Types |
Functions |
|
I |
Olfactory |
Sensory |
■ Smell |
|
II |
Optic |
Sensory |
■ Vision |
|
III |
Oculomotor |
Mixed (mainly
motor) |
● Eyeball and eyelid
movement, pupil constriction, change of lens shape for near vision. ■ Proprioception
(awareness of position of body parts) |
|
IV |
Trochlear |
Mixed (mainly
motor) |
● Eyeball movement ■ Proprioception |
|
V |
Trigeminal |
Mixed |
● Chewing ■ Somatic sensations
(touch, pressure, pain, and temperature) of face and mouth |
|
VI |
Abducens |
Mixed (mainly
motor) |
● Eyeball movement ■ Proprioception |
|
VII |
Facial |
Mixed |
● Facial expression,
secretion of saliva and tears ■ Taste from front of
tongue |
|
VIII |
Vestibulocochlear |
Sensory |
■ Hearing, sense of
equilibrium |
|
IX |
Glossopharyngeal |
Mixed |
● Swallowing,
secretion of saliva ■ Taste from back of
tongue, somatic sensation of oral cavity, blood-pressure monitoring |
|
X |
Vagus |
Mixed |
● Efferent output for
skeletal muscles of pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box) and for smooth
muscle and glands of thoracic and abdominal organs and for cardiac muscle of
heart ■ Afferent input from
thoracic and abdominal organs, blood-pressure monitoring |
|
XI |
Accessory |
Motor |
● Efferent output for
skeletal muscles of pharynx, larynx, neck, and shoulder |
|
XII |
Hypoglossal |
Motor |
● Tongue movement |
l 以下資料整理自:Tortora, G. J. and Derrickson,
B. H. 2009. Principles of anatomy and Physiology 12th ED. John Wiley &
Sons.
|
NUMBER AND NAME |
TYPE AND LOCATION |
NUMBER AND NAME |
TYPE AND LOCATION |
|
Olfactory (I) nerve |
Sensory |
Facial (VII) nerve |
Mixed |
|
Optic (II) nerve |
Sensory |
Vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve |
Sensory |
|
Oculomotor (III) nerve |
Motor |
Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve |
Mixed |
|
Trochlear (IV ) nerve |
Motor |
Vagus (X) nerve |
Mixed |
|
Trigeminal (V) nerve |
Mixed |
Accessory (XI) nerve |
Motor |
|
Abducens (VI) nerve |
Motor |
Hypoglossal (XII) nerve |
Motor |
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